Current File : //usr/share/perl5/vendor_perl/Return/Value.pm
use strict;
## no critic RequireUseWarnings
package Return::Value;
# vi:et:sw=4 ts=4
use vars qw[$VERSION @EXPORT $NO_CLUCK]; ## no critic Export
$VERSION = '1.666001';
@EXPORT = qw[success failure];
use base qw[Exporter];
use Carp ();
# uncomment in June 2010
# Carp::cluck "Return::Value is deprecated" unless $NO_CLUCK;
=head1 NAME
Return::Value - (deprecated) polymorphic return values
=head1 VERSION
version 1.666001
=head1 DO NOT USE THIS LIBRARY
B<This library will begin issuing deprecation warnings in June 2010.>
Return::Value was a bad idea. i'm sorry that I had it, sorry that I followed
through, and sorry that it got used in other useful libraries. Fortunately
there are not many things using it. One of those things is
L<Email::Send|Email::Send> which is also deprecated in favor of
L<Email::Sender|Email::Sender>.
There's no reason to specify a new module to replace Return::Value. In
general, routines should return values of uniform type or throw exceptions.
Return::Value tried to be a uniform type for all routines, but has so much
weird behavior that it ends up being confusing and not very Perl-like.
Objects that are false are just a dreadful idea in almost every circumstance,
especially when the object has useful properties.
B<Please do not use this library. You will just regret it later.>
=head1 SYNOPSIS
Used with basic function-call interface:
use Return::Value;
sub send_over_network {
my ($net, $send) = @_:
if ( $net->transport( $send ) ) {
return success;
} else {
return failure "Was not able to transport info.";
}
}
my $result = $net->send_over_network( "Data" );
# boolean
unless ( $result ) {
# string
print $result;
}
Or, build your Return::Value as an object:
sub build_up_return {
my $return = failure;
if ( ! foo() ) {
$return->string("Can't foo!");
return $return;
}
if ( ! bar() ) {
$return->string("Can't bar");
$return->prop(failures => \@bars);
return $return;
}
# we're okay if we made it this far.
$return++;
return $return; # success!
}
=head1 DESCRIPTION
Polymorphic return values are a horrible idea, but this library was written
based on the notion that they were useful. Often, we just want to know if
something worked or not. Other times, we'd like to know what the error text
was. Still others, we may want to know what the error code was, and what the
error properties were. We don't want to handle objects or data structures for
every single return value, but we do want to check error conditions in our code
because that's what good programmers do.
When functions are successful they may return true, or perhaps some useful
data. In the quest to provide consistent return values, this gets confusing
between complex, informational errors and successful return values.
This module provides these features with a simplistic API that should get you
what you're looking for in each context a return value is used in.
=head2 Attributes
All return values have a set of attributes that package up the information
returned. All attributes can be accessed or changed via methods of the same
name, unless otherwise noted. Many can also be accessed via overloaded
operations on the object, as noted below.
=over 4
=item type
A value's type is either "success" or "failure" and (obviously) reflects
whether the value is returning success or failure.
=item errno
The errno attribute stores the error number of the return value. For
success-type results, it is by default undefined. For other results, it
defaults to 1.
=item string
The value's string attribute is a simple message describing the value.
=item data
The data attribute stores a reference to a hash or array, and can be used as a
simple way to return extra data. Data stored in the data attribute can be
accessed by dereferencing the return value itself. (See below.)
=item prop
The most generic attribute of all, prop is a hashref that can be used to pass
an arbitrary number of data structures, just like the data attribute. Unlike
the data attribute, though, these structures must be retrived via method calls.
=back
=head1 FUNCTIONS
The functional interface is highly recommended for use within functions
that are using C<Return::Value> for return values. It's simple and
straightforward, and builds the entire return value in one statement.
=over 4
=cut
# This hack probably impacts performance more than I'd like to know, but it's
# needed to have a hashref object that can deref into a different hash.
# _ah($self,$key, [$value) sets or returns the value for the given key on the
# $self blessed-ref
sub _ah {
my ($self, $key, $value) = @_;
my $class = ref $self;
bless $self => "ain't::overloaded";
$self->{$key} = $value if @_ > 2;
my $return = $self->{$key};
bless $self => $class;
return $return;
}
sub _builder {
my %args = (type => shift);
$args{string} = shift if (@_ % 2);
%args = (%args, @_);
$args{string} = $args{type} unless defined $args{string};
$args{errno} = ($args{type} eq 'success' ? undef : 1)
unless defined $args{errno};
__PACKAGE__->new(%args);
}
=item success
The C<success> function returns a C<Return::Value> with the type "success".
Additional named parameters may be passed to set the returned object's
attributes. The first, optional, parameter is the string attribute and does
not need to be named. All other parameters must be passed by name.
# simplest possible case
return success;
=cut
sub success { _builder('success', @_) }
=pod
=item failure
C<failure> is identical to C<success>, but returns an object with the type
"failure"
=cut
sub failure { _builder('failure', @_) }
=pod
=back
=head1 METHODS
The object API is useful in code that is catching C<Return::Value> objects.
=over 4
=item new
my $return = Return::Value->new(
type => 'failure',
string => "YOU FAIL",
prop => {
failed_objects => \@objects,
},
);
Creates a new C<Return::Value> object. Named parameters can be used to set the
object's attributes.
=cut
sub new {
my $class = shift;
bless { type => 'failure', string => q{}, prop => {}, @_ } => $class;
}
=pod
=item bool
print "it worked" if $result->bool;
Returns the result in boolean context: true for success, false for failure.
=item prop
printf "%s: %s',
$result->string, join ' ', @{$result->prop('strings')}
unless $result->bool;
Returns the return value's properties. Accepts the name of
a property retured, or returns the properties hash reference
if given no name.
=item other attribute accessors
Simple accessors exist for the object's other attributes: C<type>, C<errno>,
C<string>, and C<data>.
=cut
sub bool { _ah($_[0],'type') eq 'success' ? 1 : 0 }
sub type {
my ($self, $value) = @_;
return _ah($self, 'type') unless @_ > 1;
Carp::croak "invalid result type: $value"
unless $value eq 'success' or $value eq 'failure';
return _ah($self, 'type', $value);
};
foreach my $name ( qw[errno string data] ) {
## no critic (ProhibitNoStrict)
no strict 'refs';
*{$name} = sub {
my ($self, $value) = @_;
return _ah($self, $name) unless @_ > 1;
return _ah($self, $name, $value);
};
}
sub prop {
my ($self, $name, $value) = @_;
return _ah($self, 'prop') unless $name;
return _ah($self, 'prop')->{$name} unless @_ > 2;
return _ah($self, 'prop')->{$name} = $value;
}
=pod
=back
=head2 Overloading
Several operators are overloaded for C<Return::Value> objects. They are
listed here.
=over 4
=item Stringification
print "$result\n";
Stringifies to the string attribute.
=item Boolean
print $result unless $result;
Returns the C<bool> representation.
=item Numeric
Also returns the C<bool> value.
=item Dereference
Dereferencing the value as a hash or array will return the value of the data
attribute, if it matches that type, or an empty reference otherwise. You can
check C<< ref $result->data >> to determine what kind of data (if any) was
passed.
=cut
use overload
'""' => sub { shift->string },
'bool' => sub { shift->bool },
'==' => sub { shift->bool == shift },
'!=' => sub { shift->bool != shift },
'>' => sub { shift->bool > shift },
'<' => sub { shift->bool < shift },
'eq' => sub { shift->string eq shift },
'ne' => sub { shift->string ne shift },
'gt' => sub { shift->string gt shift },
'lt' => sub { shift->string lt shift },
'++' => sub { _ah(shift,'type','success') },
'--' => sub { _ah(shift,'type','failure') },
'${}' => sub { my $data = _ah($_[0],'data'); $data ? \$data : \undef },
'%{}' => sub { ref _ah($_[0],'data') eq 'HASH' ? _ah($_[0],'data') : {} },
'@{}' => sub { ref _ah($_[0],'data') eq 'ARRAY' ? _ah($_[0],'data') : [] },
fallback => 1;
=pod
=back
=head1 TODO
Add deprecation.
=head1 AUTHORS
Casey West, <F<casey@geeknest.com>>.
Ricardo Signes, <F<rjbs@cpan.org>>.
=head1 COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Casey West and Ricardo SIGNES. All rights reserved.
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as Perl itself.
=cut
"This return value is true.";
Mini Shell