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# <!-- rdoc-file=error.c -->
# Class Exception and its subclasses are used to communicate between
# Kernel#raise and `rescue` statements in `begin ... end` blocks.
#
# An Exception object carries information about an exception:
# * Its type (the exception's class).
# * An optional descriptive message.
# * Optional backtrace information.
#
#
# Some built-in subclasses of Exception have additional methods: e.g.,
# NameError#name.
#
# ## Defaults
#
# Two Ruby statements have default exception classes:
# * `raise`: defaults to RuntimeError.
# * `rescue`: defaults to StandardError.
#
#
# ## Global Variables
#
# When an exception has been raised but not yet handled (in `rescue`, `ensure`,
# `at_exit` and `END` blocks), two global variables are set:
# * `$!` contains the current exception.
# * `$@` contains its backtrace.
#
#
# ## Custom Exceptions
#
# To provide additional or alternate information, a program may create custom
# exception classes that derive from the built-in exception classes.
#
# A good practice is for a library to create a single "generic" exception class
# (typically a subclass of StandardError or RuntimeError) and have its other
# exception classes derive from that class. This allows the user to rescue the
# generic exception, thus catching all exceptions the library may raise even if
# future versions of the library add new exception subclasses.
#
# For example:
#
# class MyLibrary
# class Error < ::StandardError
# end
#
# class WidgetError < Error
# end
#
# class FrobError < Error
# end
#
# end
#
# To handle both MyLibrary::WidgetError and MyLibrary::FrobError the library
# user can rescue MyLibrary::Error.
#
# ## Built-In Exception Classes
#
# The built-in subclasses of Exception are:
#
# * NoMemoryError
# * ScriptError
# * LoadError
# * NotImplementedError
# * SyntaxError
#
# * SecurityError
# * SignalException
# * Interrupt
#
# * StandardError
# * ArgumentError
# * UncaughtThrowError
#
# * EncodingError
# * FiberError
# * IOError
# * EOFError
#
# * IndexError
# * KeyError
# * StopIteration
# * ClosedQueueError
#
#
# * LocalJumpError
# * NameError
# * NoMethodError
#
# * RangeError
# * FloatDomainError
#
# * RegexpError
# * RuntimeError
# * FrozenError
#
# * SystemCallError
# * Errno::*
#
# * ThreadError
# * TypeError
# * ZeroDivisionError
#
# * SystemExit
# * SystemStackError
# * fatal
#
class Exception < Object
# <!--
# rdoc-file=error.c
# - Exception.to_tty? -> true or false
# -->
# Returns `true` if exception messages will be sent to a tty.
#
def self.to_tty?: () -> bool
# <!--
# rdoc-file=error.c
# - exc.exception([string]) -> an_exception or exc
# -->
# With no argument, or if the argument is the same as the receiver, return the
# receiver. Otherwise, create a new exception object of the same class as the
# receiver, but with a message equal to `string.to_str`.
#
def self.exception: (?String msg) -> Exception
# <!--
# rdoc-file=error.c
# - exc == obj -> true or false
# -->
# Equality---If *obj* is not an Exception, returns `false`. Otherwise, returns
# `true` if *exc* and *obj* share same class, messages, and backtrace.
#
def ==: (untyped arg0) -> bool
# <!--
# rdoc-file=error.c
# - exception.backtrace -> array or nil
# -->
# Returns any backtrace associated with the exception. The backtrace is an array
# of strings, each containing either ``filename:lineNo: in `method''' or
# ``filename:lineNo.''
#
# def a
# raise "boom"
# end
#
# def b
# a()
# end
#
# begin
# b()
# rescue => detail
# print detail.backtrace.join("\n")
# end
#
# *produces:*
#
# prog.rb:2:in `a'
# prog.rb:6:in `b'
# prog.rb:10
#
# In the case no backtrace has been set, `nil` is returned
#
# ex = StandardError.new
# ex.backtrace
# #=> nil
#
def backtrace: () -> ::Array[String]?
# <!--
# rdoc-file=error.c
# - exception.backtrace_locations -> array or nil
# -->
# Returns any backtrace associated with the exception. This method is similar to
# Exception#backtrace, but the backtrace is an array of
# Thread::Backtrace::Location.
#
# This method is not affected by Exception#set_backtrace().
#
def backtrace_locations: () -> ::Array[Thread::Backtrace::Location]?
# <!--
# rdoc-file=error.c
# - exception.cause -> an_exception or nil
# -->
# Returns the previous exception ($!) at the time this exception was raised.
# This is useful for wrapping exceptions and retaining the original exception
# information.
#
def cause: () -> Exception?
# <!--
# rdoc-file=error.c
# - exc.exception([string]) -> an_exception or exc
# -->
# With no argument, or if the argument is the same as the receiver, return the
# receiver. Otherwise, create a new exception object of the same class as the
# receiver, but with a message equal to `string.to_str`.
#
def exception: () -> self
| (String arg0) -> Exception
# <!--
# rdoc-file=error.c
# - Exception.new(msg = nil) -> exception
# - Exception.exception(msg = nil) -> exception
# -->
# Construct a new Exception object, optionally passing in a message.
#
def initialize: (?String arg0) -> void
# <!--
# rdoc-file=error.c
# - exception.inspect -> string
# -->
# Return this exception's class name and message.
#
def inspect: () -> String
# <!--
# rdoc-file=error.c
# - exception.message -> string
# -->
# Returns the result of invoking `exception.to_s`. Normally this returns the
# exception's message or name.
#
def message: () -> String
# <!--
# rdoc-file=error.c
# - exc.set_backtrace(backtrace) -> array
# -->
# Sets the backtrace information associated with `exc`. The `backtrace` must be
# an array of String objects or a single String in the format described in
# Exception#backtrace.
#
def set_backtrace: (String | ::Array[String] arg0) -> ::Array[String]
| (nil) -> nil
# <!--
# rdoc-file=error.c
# - exception.to_s -> string
# -->
# Returns exception's message (or the name of the exception if no message is
# set).
#
def to_s: () -> String
# <!--
# rdoc-file=error.c
# - exception.full_message(highlight: bool, order: [:top or :bottom]) -> string
# -->
# Returns formatted string of *exception*. The returned string is formatted
# using the same format that Ruby uses when printing an uncaught exceptions to
# stderr.
#
# If *highlight* is `true` the default error handler will send the messages to a
# tty.
#
# *order* must be either of `:top` or `:bottom`, and places the error message
# and the innermost backtrace come at the top or the bottom.
#
# The default values of these options depend on `$stderr` and its `tty?` at the
# timing of a call.
#
def full_message: (?highlight: bool, ?order: :top | :bottom) -> String
end
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